- Proto-Hind-Ewropaki ra *dheu- ("to rise in cloud as dust, vapor, or smoke") > *dhumo- ("dûn")
- Proto-Aryaki ra
- Ewıstki: dunman- ("hewr")
- Pehlewki: dūt ("dûn")
- Partki: dwd ("dûn")
- Farski: dūd ("dûn")
- Kurmancki: dū ("dûn")
- Belucki: dūt ("dûn")
- (Zazaki: dūn) Alfabeyê Ariki
- Sanskritki: dhūmā- ("dûn")
- Yunanki: thumos ("rıh")
- Latinki: fumus ("dûn")
- Horn, Paul. Dictionary of Persian Etymology (Strassburg, 1893),
- Watkins, Calvert. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., 2007. *Amazon.com ra,
- Etymonline. Online English Etymology Dictionary. <etymonline.com> by Douglas Harper.,
- Julius Pokorny's Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
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